Can Two People Contract To Make Their Wills
This question usually comes up when a husband and wife make their wills simultaneously. The question can also arise when a testator enters into a contract with another person, with the testator agreeing to provide for him in his will if the other person does something for the testator, like taking care of him.
A mutual or contractual will is executed pursuant to an agreement between the testators to dispose of all their property in a particular manner, each considering the other. Texas courts view claims of contractual wills cautiously. Contractual wills can be established only by full and satisfactory proof, and no presumptions or inferences are indulged in favor of them. To establish that a will is contractual, a two-prong test must be met.
- First, the property at issue must not be conveyed to the survivor as an absolute and unconditional gift, although it may appear to be absolute. 597 S.W.2d 393.
- Second, the remainder of the estate of the first to die and the estate of the last to die are treated as a single estate following the death of the survivor, which is jointly disposed of by both testators in the secondary dispositive provisions of the will.
A contractual will can be established only by the provisions of the will itself or the provisions of a binding and enforceable written agreement. The fact that the testators signed a joint will or frequently used the pronouns we, us, and our does not establish the fact that the will was executed pursuant to an agreement to make a mutual will. A contractual will is different from a joint will. A joint will is just one document that has the testamentary wishes of two people. It is not contractual.
In a recent case, the husband and wife executed wills on the same day. The will concluded by saying.
“I have executed this Last Will and Testament concurrently with my said wife, (wife), having executed her Last Will and Testament, a copy of which is attached hereto and made a part hereof, both of said Last Wills and Testaments having been executed in accordance with a contract between us, and this is to acknowledge that both said wills are contractual and can not be revoked without the written consent of both myself and my wife.”
Husband died first. He owned a house and land before this marriage, so it was his separate property. His will left the house to the wife using the following language: “It is my will and desire that my home …, shall pass to and vest in my wife, (wife), and I do hereby devise said real property to her.” The will went on to say that if the wife died first, the house would go to his children by a prior marriage.
The testator’s children claimed that the will was contractual. The wife claimed that the will was not contractual and that it gave her the house free and clear. The court agreed with the wife. It held that the gift of the house was unconditional. The will was not contractual because it did not meet the requirements of being a contractual will as set out above. 185 S.W.3d 16.
The Court went on to say that the will did not give a defeasible estate to the wife: something like—I give the property to my wife, and when she dies, the property goes to my children.
In any event, a contract about will must be written. Oral contracts to make a will a certain way will not be enforced. §254.004(a). 04-16-00641-CV. Some states may accept oral contracts to make a will. Texas does not. In Texas, a contract to make a will must be set out in the will or in a separate written contract.